PhIP NLT 98%

PhIP is the most abundant of generation of heterocyclic amines (HCA), resulted in the cooking of meat^[1][2]. DNA damaging and mutagenic activities. PhIP also has oestrogenic activity that could contribute to its tissue specific carcinogenicity^[2]. In Vitro: PhIP causes widespread and largely over-lapping effects on miRNA expression. PhIP induces widespread effects via activation of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Deregulation of miRNA by PhIP could potentially be an important non-DNA-damaging carcinogenic mechanism in breast cancer^[2]. In Vivo: In hCYP1A-mice, PhIP induces inflammation, epithelial cell damage, and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in the dorsolateral prostate lobe compared to the ventral lobe. PhIP forms DNA adducts in the prostate, PhIP also induces oxidative stress, atrophy of the acini, and inflammation of the prostate of rodents^[1].